Compound Fertilizer Making Fertilizer

Double roller granulator for compound fertilizer production line

Twin roll granulator is famous in the fertilizer production industry for dry granulation. It requires the moisture content of the material to be less than 5%. In addition, the roller press granulator is suitable for the production of special compound fertilizers of high, medium and low concern, such as the production of diammonium phosphate, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and urea fertilizers.

6 t/h fertilizer production line for making bio fertilizer granules — the design of biofertilizer making plant

Therefore, the double-roll extrusion granulator is the key equipment of the npk production line. Also, you can change the shape of the fertilizer by assembling different rollers. Reasonable design, low energy consumption, perfectly meet your requirements for compound fertilizer granulation process.

In general, a twin roll granulator includes 4 main components.

• The frame part is an integral structure made of high-quality carbon steel plate. All other parts need to be assembled in the rack section. Also, there are holes around the machine. Easy to unload and transport.
• The transmission part refers to the motor drive pulley, V-belt and reducer. This part mainly provides force when the double-roller granulator is working.
• The extrusion granulation part is the key part of the drum granulator. In a complete twin roll granulator there are two rolls which compress the powdered material into large pieces.

• The crushing and separation part is to crush the extruded large flakes into uniform particles. The off-spec fertilizer granules are then separated and need to be returned to the granulation section.
Why choose a twin-roller granulator to produce granular fertilizer?
•Widely applicable to various raw materials. You can not only use twin roll processing machines on npk fertilizer production lines. But it is very applicable in pharmaceutical, chemical, metallurgy, coal, feed and other industries.

• Reduced investment. Extrusion granulators make fertilizer granules at room temperature. So you don’t buy fertilizer dryers and coolers.
• No waste pollution discharge. Our drum granulator uses electricity as the main power. Therefore, the pollution to the environment will be reduced.
• High granulation rate. The ball forming rate of the double-roll granulator is over 90%.

More detailed info, welcome go to https://www.fertilizer-plants.com/

Are you looking to an NPK Fertilizer Production Line

Buying an NPK fertilizer production line will help you improve and optimize your NPK production processes. It will also decrease your production costs to save lots of you more money in the long run. However, you must purchase the most effective NPK fertilizer production line.

Here are the things you must know prior to buying an NPK fertilizer production line:

Quality

You should know the quality of the NPK fertilizer making line before buying it. It is actually helpful to invest in a high-quality NPK fertilizer production line. It could keep going longer. And is particularly cheap to keep. It can, therefore, serve your business for many years and minimize your production costs.

Usually do not buy poor-quality NPK fertilizer production lines. They are costly to maintain to enable them to enhance your maintenance costs. They could, therefore, increase your production costs and expense you additional money eventually. Do not rely on them to make NPK fertilizer.

Price

Nowadays, you can easily find affordable NPK fertilizer production lines. Simply because there are many companies and manufacturers from which to choose. Will not just pick the cheapest companies and manufacturers. Check their history prior to making your selection. Be sure these people have a good history.

If you are searching for affordable manufacturers, you may want to choose overseas manufacturers. Overseas manufacturers can access cheap labor and raw materials. So, they are able to produce high quality NPK fertilizer preparation lines. Then, sell them at reasonable prices. Go here for ecnomical NPK fertilizer making line

Small scale NPK fertilizer making line drawing

Maintenance Cost

You need to understand the constant maintenance cost of the NPK fertilizer production line before purchasing it. When you are spending an excessive amount of money to maintain your NPK fertilizer production line, it could lower profits. Actually, you might lose more money in the long term.

Ask the seller to share with you the fee for maintaining their NPK fertilizer production lines. If you fail to manage to maintain them, do not purchase them. Proper maintenance can extend the lifespan of the NPK fertilizer production line. So, ensure you are able to afford to maintain it. Here many people told me that SX NPK fertilizer equipment is easy to maitain.

The Producer

You have to know the reputation, experience, as well as the position of the manufacturer. Reputable and experienced manufacturers are the most useful. They normally have great customer support. They are reliable. They have got cheap prices. And they also offer a warranty.

However, some manufacturers are unreliable and get poor customer satisfaction. Do not select them. The truth is, they may not honor their warranty. Selecting the best manufacturer can provide you with assurance. The company can even handle repairs and maintenance to save lots of you additional money .

Low investment NPK fertilizer plant design

The Warranty

All machines have a warranty. The purpose of the warranty is usually to protect people from losing money on the wrong companies and manufacturers. This is why nearly all companies and manufacturers provide warranties. Unfortunately, some do not honor their warranty.

You need to know when the manufacturer honors their warranty. Make sure you read and understand their warranty before purchasing their NPK fertilizer production line. The warranty can help you save money. You can also compare multiple warranties to get the company which fits your requirements.

These are typically what you must know before you buy your NPK fertilizer production line. Spend some time and do proper research prior to making your choice. Or you need more help, you can check https://fertilizerequipmentmanufacturer.com/npk-fertilizer-production-line/

Buying a Compound Fertilizer Production Equipment at the Factory Price?

Purchasing a compound fertilizer production equipment with a factory cost is not straightforward. There are so many manufacturers there. How can you select the right manufacturer? Furthermore, there are various online marketplaces? How will you pick the best online marketplace?

The cheaper you can find your compound fertilizer production equipment, the better your potential returns. Buying straight from the producer removes the middlemen. You can easily search on the internet to get equipment for npk from manufacturers from around the globe.

Continue reading to discover ways to buy compound fertilizer production equipment at factory price:

Decide to use Domestic Manufacturers or Overseas Manufacturers

It really is cheaper to buy right from the fertilizer plant suppliers. You, therefore, should make a choice from domestic and overseas manufacturers. You are more inclined to get lower prices from overseas manufacturers. It can be, however, tough to use overseas manufacturers as a result of language barriers and reduce manufacturer standards.

Domestic manufacturers, on the other hand, maintain higher manufacturing quality and provide faster shipping times. It is actually, however, costly to use some domestic manufacturers. It really is, therefore, easier to compare the prices of both domestic and overseas manufacturers.

The design of NPK fertilizer production line — the production line for making NPK fertilizer granules

Identify Potential Manufacturers

It is actually time to find the best manufacturer of compound fertilizer production equipment. It could, however, remember to locate the right manufacturer. Deciding on a reliable and communicative manufacturer is very important to the achievements of your company. Ensure that the manufacturer is an excellent fit for the business.

You can use online directories to find the best manufacturers. The web directories list the ideal manufacturers from throughout the world. You may pick a good manufacturer over these online directories. You can even get recommendations from organic fertilizer industry contacts and your family and friends.

NPK granulating machine for sale — Commercial granulating machine for sale

Get Quotes

Once you discover potential manufacturers, now you can question them for their quotes. The makers rarely post their fertilizer granules machine cost on their websites. You will have to request a free quote. You may compare the quotes of your own chosen manufacturers.

Tend not to, however, send the company a lengthy email because they get several quotations requests every day. It is far better to deliver them a short and clear email. It is possible to compare their quotes to get a reasonable manufacturer. The maker will save you money.

Negotiate Discounts

Lots of manufacturers are prepared to strike a deal using their clients. When you obtain the price offer through the manufacturer, will not rush to simply accept their first price offer. It is best to barter. For this reason it is way better to speak with multiple manufacturers.

You can use online marketplaces to discover affordable manufacturers. Online marketplaces facilitate trade between retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. You may also post your listing upon an online marketplace to inform manufacturers relating to your needs. You can find reasonable prices on these web based marketplaces.

Conclusion

It takes time and effort to buy granulation machine for npk fertilizer in a factory price. It is far better to purchase it right from the company. By using a manufacturer eliminates the middleman. The company can, therefore, sell you their compound fertilizer production equipment at factory price.

How to Buy a Compound Fertilizer Production Equipment at the Factory Price?

Buying a compound fertilizer production equipment in a factory cost is not straightforward. There are numerous manufacturers over there. How do you pick the best manufacturer? In addition, there are numerous online marketplaces? How will you pick the best online marketplace?

The cheaper you will get your chemical fertilizer production unit, the higher your potential returns. Buying directly from the producer removes the middlemen. It is easy to use the internet to buy compound fertilizer production equipment from manufacturers from around the globe.

Read on to learn how to buy compound fertilizer production equipment at factory price:

Opt for Domestic Manufacturers or Overseas Manufacturers

It really is cheaper to purchase directly from the npk plant machine supplier. You, therefore, have to choose between domestic and overseas manufacturers. You will probably get lower prices from overseas manufacturers. It really is, however, hard to use overseas manufacturers as a consequence of language barriers and reduce manufacturer standards.

Domestic manufacturers, alternatively, maintain higher manufacturing quality and supply faster shipping times. It really is, however, costly to apply certain domestic manufacturers. It is actually, therefore, easier to compare the values of both domestic and overseas manufacturers.

The large-scale plant for compound fertilizer production — The design of compound fertilizer production line

Identify Potential Manufacturers

It can be time for the greatest manufacturer of compound fertilizer production equipment. It could, however, make time to locate the best manufacturer. Picking a reliable and communicative manufacturer is vital to the achievements your business. Ensure the manufacturer is a great fit to your fertilizer business ideas.

You can utilize online directories to find the best manufacturers. The online directories list the very best manufacturers from around the globe. You can go with a good manufacturer within these online directories. Also you can get recommendations from industry contacts and your friends and family.

Get Quotes

Once you see potential manufacturers, you can now inquire further for quotes. The makers rarely post their fertilizer granulator machine price on his or her websites. You will need to request a free quote. It is possible to compare the quotes of the chosen manufacturers.

Do not, however, send the manufacturer a long email because they get several quotations requests daily. It is best to deliver them a shorter and clear email. You may compare their quotes to discover an inexpensive manufacturer. The producer can save you money.

Negotiate Discounts

Lots of manufacturers are prepared to strike an agreement because of their clients. After you have the price offer through the manufacturer, usually do not rush to take their first price offer. It is better to negotiate. For this reason it is much better to speak to multiple manufacturers.

NPK fertilizer production line — The design of NPK fertilizer making plant

You can utilize online marketplaces to discover affordable manufacturers. Online marketplaces facilitate trade between retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. You may also post your listing on an online marketplace to know manufacturers relating to your needs. You may get affordable prices on these online marketplaces.

Conclusion

It will require time and energy to locate compound fertilizer production equipment in a factory price. It is far better to buy it from the maker. Employing a manufacturer eliminates the middleman. The npk chemical fertilizer plant manufacturers can, therefore, sell you their compound fertilizer production equipment at factory price.

Just What Is The Dry Granulation Technique For Making Fertilizer Granules?

There are several varieties of equipment which can be used for making fertilizer granules. This is basically the best way of storing fertilizer, perhaps for several years, but you do need to have the right equipment for combining materials. Using the dry granulation method, you can expedite their production of this fertilizer, in spite of the tiniest units that are offered. They implement the dry granulation method, allowing you to pelletizer all of the fertilizer you happen to be produced with the composting process. And this is what you may expect if you decide to obtain one of these brilliant machines that could produce fertilizer granules in this manner.

Different Kinds Of Dry Granulation Equipment

There are 2 quite popular varieties of dry granule making machine that are utilized to form granules for this purpose. This consists of a slugging machine, in addition to a roller compactor, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Each one of them is for production process of npk fertilizer. However, a lot of the businesses will make use of the roller compactor simply because it is in much more efficient type of machinery. It can easily take the dry materials you are providing and condense it to the pellets that you will make use of as fertilizer.

Granulating machine for NPK fertilizer — NPK granulating machine for sale

Why Do Fertilizer Granules Stay Together?

You can find additives which can be used in to the fertilizer to ensure the whole mixture stays together. It all depends about how you will be categorizing the fertilizers you happen to be using. In addition, it depends upon the npk fertilizer mixing machine that you will be putting together. It is very present with produce NPK fertilizer. Nitrogen is amongst the most significant elements of any kind of soil you are planting in. You will additionally need to use phosphorus and potassium to obtain that proper balance. All this is held together by binders that will interconnect together with the fertilizer. To produce this work, you will need to understand how these machines actually function.

How Can These Machines Work?

The reason they are able to produce pellets is due to a rotating motion. The raw materials are simply just clumped into balls. They can be made into cylindrical pellets which can also be stored. The rate from which the equipment returns will define how quickly the pellets could be produced. Whether you are utilizing a granulating disc, or rotary drum granulator, the procedure is always the same. Just make sure that you are using a regular power source to keep our prime speeds desire for this procedure to function.

Double Rolloer Granulator for Sale in SX

Granulation compression could very well be the most advantageous strategy to store fertilizer. By taking out the moisture from your mixture you are increasing the system, you can be sure that the pellets will dry and sustain their integrity. Creating fertilizer granules will not be that hard to do using the proper fertilizer granules makers. It must take just a few hours, from beginning to end, to make many bags of this material. You can then store what remains, or market it to many other farmers, that may benefit from the fertilizer you will be producing utilizing these machines.

How Is Compound Fertilizer Made Using Commercial Plants?

The production of compound fertilizer is an extremely straightforward process. It more often than not involves using three specific components. This will include phosphorus, nitrogen, and a tiny amount of potassium. On many occasions, nitrogen could be the primary component. The production of NPK fertilizer has been in existence for many years. Farmers have realized the value of these three essential components. In order to make this particular compound fertilizer, or another, you will probably require a commercial plant that will do that do the job. Here is an overview of how they are create, and exactly how they work, in order that you know what to look for when buying one of these simple plants.

The Components Of Compound Fertilizer Plants

You will find a number of components that comprise a typical compound fertilisers plant. All this starts off with a dynamic batching machine. Here is where the types of materials will probably be mixed together, and after that they will be sent to a commercial mixer for fertilizer for even more processing. This can lead to a disc fertilizer granulator which will begin to spin the information rapidly. The pellets will then be put inside of a rotary drum dryer to solidify the cylindrical pellets which you can use as soon as they are solidified.

Additional Components That May Be Area Of The Fertilizer Plant

It is possible you will probably have additional components that will make this manufacturer procedure for npk granular fertilizer more streamlined. A rotary drum cooler is frequently used to assist in the solidification procedure for the fertilizer pellets you are producing. You should also have some kind of screening process to reduce unwanted elements. As soon as the materials have already been completed, they can then be delivered to specific locations where they could be processed, packaged, or suited for your farm.

How To Get Businesses That Sell Them

There are lots of companies that sell these regularly across the world. Most of them are extremely properly designed. The cost of every one is determined by simply how much you want to invest in these units which are very easy to find. The design in the fertiliser granulating machines, and exactly how that it is create, can vary greatly from company to company. You will want to utilize one that is not merely affordable but streamlined to provide you with the very best degree of fertilizer pellet production. You can get these chemical fertilizer plant for sale on industrial websites that may allow them to sell their product to businesses.

Although the process itself is fairly straightforward, it can do require multiple components to work properly. How big the program, and its overall capacity, may differ significantly based on what you need to achieve. You may need a substantial amount of room to house this all fertiliser making equipment which, once created, will probably be extremely efficient. What you can do to generate your personal fertilizer pellet will be maximized while you build your own compound fertilizer using these systems. The quality of the components, and just how soon they can produce a delivery, may also be factors you have got to consider prior to making your purchase.

Do You Know The Key Steps At The Same Time Of Making NPK Fertilizer?

Fertilizer which is made out of nitrogen, potassium, plus phosphorus can be created in mass quantities. It simply is dependent upon the type of machinery you possess available and your source for these particular materials that you are used to create the compost. Most of the time, you should have a large fertilizer production plant, able to generating a lot of this material on a regular basis. NPK is one of the most popular kinds of fertilizer. If you would like to utilize it, it is possible to look for a company that will help you in producing all the of this material as you need for the business.

Which Kind Of Machinery What You Need?

The machinery that you will want will include a number of components including a roller granulator, dryer, plus a conveyor belt system. These will all be connected together to help you make the exact amount of fertilizer that you will want for the business. Regardless if you are selling NPK or utilizing it for your own crops, it is possible to benefit by producing your own material every day. Remember that in addition, you require a mixer machine, a granulator machine, plus a robust dryer drum for that largest scale operations. Also you can get a npk fertilizer production plant that can produce NPK for you personally for those who have a reduced business.

Pan Pelletizer for Compound Fertilizer Granulation — Disk granulating machine for sale

How Long Does It Use To Have This Machinery

It shouldn’t take very long by any means to get this fertilizer drum granulation machine. In fact, you must be able to find several different companies that can assist you. They will likely produce among the most reliable units in the market. A lot of them can have various sizes of individual machines and incredibly elaborate NPK fertilizer production plants. While you receive estimates from each company, they can tell you how much it will cost and exactly how much production you can expect. This info will probably be invaluable as you are picking out what type will give you the ideal compound fertiliser production plant. Once you have placed your order, and definately will likely take a couple of weeks for this to reach you.

Reasons To Get This Machinery

You might like to consider buying this granulator for npk if you are currently purchasing a huge selection of plenty of NPK regularly. It’s better to have full control of the mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium you happen to be using. You may affect the ratios, depending on the crops you are planting, so that you have the correct balance of nutrients inside the soil. It also offers you the additional good thing about having the ability to sell the extra material that you will be producing.

If you want to produce this product regularly, investing in your very own npk granulating plant would be a good investment. You might not realize how simple it is actually to discover the companies that happen to be producing them every day. In some cases, you will be able to save a large amount on the investment within this machinery. It just depends on how simply how much research one does, and the way much you understand about the machinery for the manufacturing of fertilizer with this particular unique blend of nutrients.

How Much Should you Invest In A Commercial Compound Fertilizer Plant?

Can you use compound fertilizer for your personal gardening business? You may have a big commercial agricultural plant where you are producing your very own compound fertilizer. You will have to put money into various sorts of machinery to keep up with your very own production levels. However, when you are also producing this for other businesses, a greater facility may be needed. The following is a review of the best way to quickly obtain compound fertilizer components to make a commercial plant to produce this product on a regular basis.

Different Components At A Compound Fertilizer Plant

You can find a good number of different components that must all interact to produce the NPK fertilizer that you will need for the npk fertilizer business plan. There will be some conveyor belts that will take the materials to each and every location. There can also be a distributor, granulator machine, as well as the blender npk. The bucket elevator is really what will take everything together, plus there will be a crushing machine. The packing machine, stock bin, along with the mixer will be associated with produce this fertilizer on a continuous basis.

How To Obtain These Elements For Less

The best way to secure the lowest possible prices would be to obtain everything from a single distributor. These are typically npk fertilizer making machine supplier which are creating the whole apparatus, and definately will specifically design each component to operate flawlessly with all the others. Maybe you have other sources for different components for example the granulator, mixer, and even the dryer, but you might find the greatest discounts will come from countries like China. You can get individual businesses that produce these systems that will make npk fertilizer for sale.

Where To Find One That Will Continue To Work Along With Your Business

Some of these companies can provide an exclusive discount for units they are currently advertising. They may have older units that may be significantly less expensive. Moving them out will let them have additional space for first time and improved models that they may manufacture and distribute. By contacting as much businesses that you can, you may get quotes back from the different companies that can assist you. Shipping these individual components also can enhance the final cost. This will depend upon where your facility is found and also the method to obtain these components. Eventually, your quest will renew to a company that are able to offer a special deal npk compound fertilizer production lines which you can use to make NPK and other types of fertilizer.

THe design of fertilizer production line — Production line for large-scale fertilizer making plant

In case you have not even invested in a top quality commercial fertilizer making plant, it could be a really good investment. Instead of receiving the fertilizer that is required for the business, you can instead buy a fertilizer plant that can make it to suit your needs. This offers you ultimate power over the consistency of your fertilizer, and control over what you can produce. Creating this for your self, or perhaps for others in your community, is obviously possible once you have one of the best commercial compound fertilizer plants for your use.

Why Do You Need A Granulating Machine In Your Compound Fertilizer Production Factory ?

Compound fertilizer is definitely a important form of material should you prefer a properly balanced setting for what you will be planting. Soil could be depleted of several nutrients, especially nitrogen, which you could replenish by using a compound fertilizer combination. Other materials including phosphorus and potassium are merely as vital. It is advisable to make certain you have ample these factors within the soil if you prefer a strong infernal crop. To do this, you should use an NPK granulator to produce these pellets for you.

How Can An NPK Granulator Work?

How to make granular fertilizer? Granulators are somewhat simplistic inside their overall design. They prefer a mixture of rolling compression and impact to create the pellets that will be formed. There is often a very large drum which is the central portion of the process. There may also be a dryer for fertilizer by means of a drum too. These will likely be used as a way to spin and form the pellets using these materials. Each may have relatively equal quantities of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus once the process is done. Since you now learn how they work, you will need to discover why they can be extremely important for your manufacture of npk fertilizers.

Commercial granulating machine for compound fertilizer — Rotary drum granulator for sale

What Exactly Is The Role Of Any NPK Granulator?

The key role of those compound fertilizer dry granulator for producing fertilizer pellets is usually to simply speed up this process and make it easier. You could potentially manually produce these, however it would take a great deal of time. You will be also not guaranteed of combining the types of materials properly due to slow rotation that many other granule-making machines can provide. Once the granulator is operational, you are able to manufacturing of npk to your crops, plus you may sell what remains to others. This is basically the primary way that NPK fertilizer is produced without needing to use an excessive amount of effort.

How To Get These Discounted

Locating NPK fertilizer granulators is really a straightforward process. Contacting the businesses that produce these machines and plants will direct you to a single that might be affordable. Once it is set up, in the event you continue on the components for potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, you can expect to find yourself with pellets which may have equal numbers of all of these essential elements required by your soil. Obtaining estimates from each of the companies will help you find the one which is considered the most efficient and sold for a affordable price.

Compound fertilizer granulating machine for sale — Press granulator for compound fertilizer

A good investment into an wet granulation machine can cause high degrees of production for compound fertilizer that the farm might need. These production factories can be extremely elaborate due to the amount of work they may do for you personally. It can possibly take several days to find out the full system once it really is in position. However, once which is over, it will be a really efficient machine that will last for quite some time. If you want to make your own nitrogen fertilizer with nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus with a continual basis, consider buying an NPK granulator that will create these materials to suit your needs.

Which Bulk Blending Fertilizer Production Line Supplier Can You Trust？

Once you want to buy a bulk blending fertilizer production line, it really is now time to decide on the right supplier. The ideal suppliers are reliable. They have great customer support. They provide after-sale service. They give and honor their warranty. They may have affordable prices. And they have a good reputation.

You are able to, however, lose your hard earned dollars to some suppliers. They mostly deal with the wrong manufacturers. If you get their bulk blending fertilizer production line, you could possibly spend more money repairs and maintenance. If are seeking the most effective supplier, please read on to discover ways to choose one:

Reliability

How to mix npk fertilizer? It is best to use a reliable supplier. It is actually, therefore, essential to check the financial stability from the supplier. In case the supplier is financially stable, it might continue in business for long. They will almost always be there when you need them. In the event the supplier is just not financially stable, it might fall out of compound fertilizer production process line. You are unable to depend on them that will help you if you want them.

Customer Care

It is vital to check the quality of customer satisfaction of the supplier. The ideal suppliers have great customer care. They would like to make their happy. Therefore, they will answer their questions. And they will not hesitate to assist their customers once they require help. Go with a supplier with good customer care.

After-Sale Service

Automatic fertilizing machine include different challenges. In case you have problems with your machine, will require the help of your supplier. That is why plenty of suppliers provide after-sale services. Should your machine stops working, your supplier can send a specialist to correct your machine. The supplier may not even charge additional money.

Warranty

You need to compare the warranties from the different bulk blending fertilizer production line suppliers. You need to get a long warranty. In addition, you have to go with a supplier that honors their warranty. In the event the supplier is not going to honor their warranty, they will not honor your warranty later on.

Prices

Comparing the costs in the different suppliers can assist you choose a reasonable supplier. Just do select the cheapest suppliers. They may set you back money. You could make your budget before searching for a supplier. Then, find a supplier inside your range of prices. It is far better to choose a reasonable supplier.

Reputation

Make sure you examine the reputation of the bagging machine manufacturers. Reputable suppliers are the most useful. They may have happy and satisfied customers. They focus more on selling the highest-quality machines. Once they take good care of their customers, they will probably take care of anyone.

Customer References

Last, yet not least, ask multiple suppliers for customer references. The best suppliers have customer references given that they acquire more happy and satisfied customers. When you can speak with their customers, discover more about the supplier. In case the supplier refuses to provide you with their customer references, usually do not choose them.

Conclusion

An excellent supplier has competitive prices and high-quality bulk blending fertilizer plant in the marketplace. The supplier could help you save much more money simply because they provide after-sale services. Therefore, you possibly will not spend more money cash on repairs and maintenance.